TNEstudy Transnational education · cross-border programme delivery

Archive · 03

Quality Assurance Reviews

Aggregated findings from quality audits by QAA, TEQSA, MQA and CPE, restated in a uniform format with institutional scope, review dates, and regulatory actions.

  1. MY · MQA (Malaysian Qualifications Agency) · MQA Act 2007 basis

    MQA's Audit and Accreditation Method for Branch Campuses in Malaysia (COPIA and COPPA)

    How the Malaysian Qualifications Agency quality-assures foreign university branch campuses in Malaysia through programme accreditation under COPPA and institutional audit under COPIA, against the Malaysian Qualifications Framework.

    Foreign university branch campuses operating in Malaysia (programme accreditation and institutional audit) · Branch campus programmes are accredited against the Malaysian Qualifications Framework; institutions may additionally undergo institutional audit under COPIA, which can lead to self-accreditation status or, if standards lapse, revocation.
  2. HK · Education Bureau — Non-local Courses Registry (Hong Kong) · Cap 493 basis

    Hong Kong's Non-local Courses Registry: Registration Review and Cancellation Mechanism

    How Hong Kong's Education Bureau Non-local Courses Registry reviews and can cancel the registration of non-local higher and professional education courses under Cap 493, with assessment by HKCAAVQ.

    Operators of non-local higher and professional education courses offered in Hong Kong · Courses must be registered (or exempted) before being offered; the Registrar may impose conditions or cancel registration where criteria are not met or maintained, with appeal rights.
  3. AU · TEQSA (Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency) · 2024

    TEQSA Audit of Australian University Offshore Provision (2022–2024 Cycle): Summary of Findings on Third-Party Delivery Arrangements

    Aggregated findings from TEQSA's thematic review of Australian higher education providers' offshore delivery through third-party arrangements, covering the 2022–2024 audit cycle.

    Multiple Australian universities (aggregated findings) · Eighteen providers assessed; key findings relate to due diligence, equivalency of assessment, and English language entry standards in third-party delivery arrangements.
  4. SG · CPE / SkillsFuture Singapore (Committee for Private Education) · Private Education Act basis

    Singapore's CPE / EduTrust Review Mechanism for Private Education Institutions

    How Singapore's Committee for Private Education (now under SkillsFuture Singapore) reviews private education institutions through the Enhanced Registration Framework and the EduTrust quality assurance certification scheme.

    Private Education Institutions (PEIs) in Singapore, including those serving international students · PEIs must register under the Enhanced Registration Framework; EduTrust certification is required for PEIs to enrol international students and is maintained through periodic review and ongoing monitoring.
  5. AU · TEQSA (Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency, AU) · HES Framework 2021 basis

    TEQSA's Offshore Provision Review Method: Authorisation, Compliance Monitoring and Risk-Based Audit

    How the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency reviews Australian higher education delivered offshore, through offshore authorisation under section 44E, risk-based compliance monitoring and thematic audit against the Higher Education Standards Framework 2021.

    Australian registered higher education providers delivering courses offshore (aggregated) · Providers seeking to deliver Australian courses offshore must obtain TEQSA authorisation and remain subject to risk-based compliance monitoring; non-compliance can lead to conditions, sanctions or revocation of registration.
  6. CROSS · Multi-jurisdiction (QAA / TEQSA / MQA / CPE-SSG / EDB) · Current frameworks

    Cross-Jurisdiction Comparison of Five QA Agencies' TNE Review Methods

    A comparative review of how QAA, TEQSA, MQA, Singapore's CPE/SSG and Hong Kong's Non-local Courses Registry review transnational education provision, across legal basis, method, standard and enforcement.

    UK, Australian, Malaysian, Singaporean and Hong Kong quality assurance authorities (compared) · The five agencies span a spectrum from enhancement-led peer review to registration-and-revocation enforcement, reflecting different statutory roles and host-country versus home-country standard logics.
  7. UK · QAA (Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, UK) · 2021–2026

    QAA's Country-Based Review Method for UK Transnational Education (QE-TNE Programme)

    How the UK Quality Assurance Agency evaluates and enhances UK transnational higher education through its country-based QE-TNE review method, referencing UK Quality Code Chapter B10 as the standard.

    UK degree-awarding bodies with transnational arrangements (sampled per host country) · Enhancement-oriented country reviews producing individual provider reports, case studies and a country overview report; the method does not issue a formal pass/fail judgement on a provider's general capacity to manage TNE.